For three indolylfulgides the quantum efficiency of the ring-opening reaction upon pre-excitation is investigated in a multipulse experiment. The quantum efficiency grows by factor of up to 3.4, when the pre-excitation pulse immediately precedes the excitation process. The change in quantum efficiency after pre-excitation is discussed as a function of ...

Solutions of allyl indium reagents formed in the reactions of indium with allyl bromide and allyl iodide, respectively, in N,N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, and water were analyzed by a combination of electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry, temperature-dependent 1H NMR spectroscopy, and electrical conductivity measurements. Additional mass ...

Small metal clusters fill the gap between the atomic scale and the metallic state with its distinctive bulk phenomena.[1] Besides being of high fundamental interest, this intermediate character of metal clusters also gives rise to unique and potentially useful electronic, magnetic, and optical properties.[ 2] To bring these properties to real-world ...

Solutions of butylzinc iodide in tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, and N,N-dimethylformamide were analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. In all cases, microsolvated butylzinc cations [ZnBu(solvent)n]+, n=1-3, were detected. The parallel observation of the butylzincate anion [ZnBuI2]- suggests that these ions result from disproportionation of ...

The thermodynamic stability of radicals involved in enzymatic catalysis has been quantified using a series of theoretical methods. It is found that three of the most often encountered radicals located on the enzyme protein chain (tyrosyl, cysteinyl and glycyl radicals) are of similar stability. This is despite the fact that O–H, S–H and C–H bonds have ...

Bromine-magnesium exchange reactions of heteroaryl bromides provide an efficient entry to a wide variety of fiveand six-membered functionalized heteroaryl Grignard reagents, which can be used for the selective synthesis of polyfunctionalized heterocyclic compounds, such as thiazole, thiophene, furan, pyrrole, and pyridine derivatives.1,2 The resulting ...

We apply mesoporous thin silica films with nanometer-sized pores as drug carriers and incorporate the widely used anticancer drug Doxorubicin. Through single-molecule based measurements, we gain mechanistic insights into the drug diffusion inside the mesoporous film, which governs the drug-delivery at the target-site. Drug dynamics inside the nanopores is ...

The intramolecular electron-transfer reaction in crystal violet lactone in polar aprotic solvents is studied with femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The initially excited charge transfer state 1CTA is rapidly converted into a highly polar charge transfer state 1CTB. This ultrafast electron transfer is seen as a solventdependent dual ...

A prerequisite for antibody secretion and function is their assembly into a defined quaternary structure, composed of two heavy and two light chains for IgG. Unassembled heavy chains are actively retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we show that the CH1 domain of the heavy chain is intrinsically disordered invitro, which sets it apart from other ...

The rates of the reactions of the colored para-substituted phenylacetonitrile anions 1a-c and the phenylpropionitrile anions 2a-c with Michael acceptors (3a-u) were determined by UV-vis spectroscopy in DMSO at 20 °C. The reactions follow second-order kinetics, and the corresponding rate constants k2 obey the linear-free-energy relationship log k2(20 °C) ) ...